Global Foot Dimensions

Contents

1 ANATOMY AND FOOT HEALTH

1.1 The foot

1.2 Foot structure

1.3 Muscles and ligaments

1.4 Skin

1.5 Influence of footwear on foot shape and health

1.6 Foot ailments

2 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCEDURE

2.1 3D scanning technology

2.2 Foot scanner

2.3 Scanning process

2.4 Measurement calibration

2.5 Checking and editing

2.6 Manual leg measurements

3 UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT

3.1 Summary

3.2 What is uncertainty of measurement?

3.3 Making the calculation

3.4 Ways to control uncertainty

3.5 Effects of load bearing on foot shape and size

3.6 Effects of white hose

3.7 Uncertainty budget for stick and tape measurements

3.8 Uncertainty budget for 3D scanning measurements

4 NORMALITY TESTING AND RANDOMNESS

4.1 Summary

4.2 Normal distribution

4.3 Checking for normality: Chi squared goodness of fit test

4.4 Skew in the distribution

4.5 Importance of randomness

4.6 Sampling theory and confidence

5 DEMOGRAPHICS AND DATA SPREAD

5.1 Data breakdown by gender, age and country

5.2 Data breakdown by geographical location

5.3 Treatment of ethnicity and foot ailments

5.4 Difference between left and right

6 DEFINITION OF MEASUREMENTS

6.1 Foot measurements

6.2 Leg measurements

7 SHOE SIZE DEFINITION

7.1 Sizing comparison table

7.2 History of shoe sizing

7.3 UK sizing

7.4 US sizing

7.5 European sizing

7.6 Mondopoint sizing

8 FOOT SIZE DISTRIBUTION

8.1 Summary

8.2 Mondopoint sizing – UK, USA and China – size distributions

8.3 UK sizing – UK, USA and China – size distributions

8.4 US sizing – UK, USA and China – size distributions

8.5 European sizing – UK, USA and China – size distributions

9 AVERAGE FOOT DIMENSIONS

9.1 Summary

9.2 Regression statistics – UK, USA and China

9.3 Mondopoint sizing – UK, USA and China – average foot dimensions

9.4 UK sizing – UK, USA and China – average foot dimensions

9.5 US sizing – UK, USA and China – average foot dimensions

9.6 European sizing – UK, USA and China – average foot dimensions

9.7 Graphical – UK, USA and China – average foot dimensions

9.8 Average foot dimensions against increasing age

10 FOOT AXIS AND JOINT ANGLE

10.1 Summary

10.2 Foot axis

10.3 Joint angle

10.4 Effect of axis on joint angle

10.5 Effect of axis on foot length

11 FOOT DIMENSION RATIOS

11.1 Summary

11.2 The importance of ratios

11.3 Heel to metatarsal tibiale/foot length ratio

11.4 Heel to metatarsal fibulare/foot length ratio

11.5 Joint girth/foot length ratio

11.6 Instep girth/foot length ratio

11.7 Foot breadth/joint girth ratio

11.8 Heel breadth/foot breadth ratio

11.9 Discussion

12 WIDTH FITTING

12.1 UK width fitting

12.2 US width fitting

12.3 European width fitting

12.4 Last grading

12.5 Spread of foot widths

12.6 Population coverage by size and width fitting

13 WOMEN’S LOWER LEG DATA

13.1 Summary

13.2 Regression statistics

13.3 Mondopoint sizing – UK, USA and China – average leg dimensions

13.4 UK sizing – UK, USA and China – average leg dimensions

13.5 US sizing – UK, USA and China – average leg dimensions

13.6 European sizing – UK, USA and China – average leg dimensions

13.7 Graphical – UK, USA and China – average leg dimensions

13.8 Average leg dimensions against age

14 REGRESSION FORMULA FOR FULL DATA COMPARISON

14.1 Summary

14.2 Regression formula – all ages

14.3 Regression formula – ages 16-25

14.4 Regression formula – ages 26-35

14.5 Regression formula – ages 36-45

14.6 Regression formula – ages 46-55

14.7 Regression formula – ages 56+

15 NOTATION, REGRESSION, AND OTHER MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS

15.1 Mathematical notation

15.2 Standard deviation and pooled standard deviation

15.3 Regression

15.4 F-Significance test model check

15.5 Probability distributions

15.6 Stable and chaotic mathematical functions